EXOPOLITICAL WAVES: The political implications of human activity beyond our planet, or in space, including the possibility of life beyond our planet (sentient or otherwise).
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OCCUPY INNER THROUGH OUTER SPACE (IN ALL DIMENSIONS)
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The X-37B space plane and NASA's space shuttles have common roots, and it shows.
Boeing
The intriguingly long mission of the unmanned X-37B has come to a conclusion at last. But the mystery of the mission lingers on.
The
US Air Force space plane, one of just two X-37B vehicles in the
Pentagon's inventory, landed Friday morning under the auspices of the
30th Space Wing at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California after 674
days in space -- that is, 22 months.
And that's about all that the
space plane's handlers would say about the mission, aside from the
terse statement that it "conducted on-orbit experiments."
"The
mission is our longest to date and we're pleased with the incremental
progress we've seen in our testing of the reusable space plane," the Air
Force said in a statement.
The Air Force also said it plans to start the next X-37B mission sometime in 2015, launching from Cape Canaveral in Florida.
Almost as remarkable as the length and the hush-hush nature of the mission is one of the signature skills of the Boeing-built X-37B -- the unmanned spacecraft flies autonomously on its return trip to Earth.
The
Air Force has said precious little -- ever -- about its X-37B missions,
leading to wide-ranging speculation about what the diminutive space
vehicle has been up to up there, or is building toward. Theories hit on
everything from terrestrial surveillance to satellite launches (or,
conversely, satellite killing) to weapons platform aimed at ground
targets.
Or it could be more mundane: these could simply be
shakedown cruises to see how a space plane, one with no human aboard,
fares on extended junkets into orbit and back. It can't be easy to work
all the kinks out of the algorithms that enable a space plane to
maneuver in orbit, and in re-entry and landing, without a human at the
controls.
The boilerplate description on the Air Force's fact sheet
is not exactly illuminating: "The primary objectives of the X-37B are
twofold: reusable spacecraft technologies for America's future in space
and operating experiments which can be returned to, and examined, on
Earth."
Measuring 29 feet long, with a wingspan of less than 15 feet
and a cargo bay equivalent to that of a pickup truck, the 11,000-pound
X-37B looks like a junior version of NASA's space shuttles. That's not
really a coincidence, since both trace their roots to the space agency's
research into lifting-body flying machines. In fact, the X-37B program
was a NASA project until 2004, before it was shifted first to the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and then on to the Air Force.
This
was the third spaceflight of an X-37B, also known as the Orbital Test
Vehicle, since missions began five years ago. The first, which ended in
December 2010, lasted 224 days, and the second, which ended in June 2012, endured for 469 days, or a year and four months.
This latest mission
began December 11, 2012, when an Atlas V rocket carrying the space
plane lifted off from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
There
are two OTV craft in the X-37B fleet. The one that flew on the
just-ended mission is OTV-1, which also carried out the first of the
flights to date.
Confusingly the numbers in the the OT-x designations
seem to be used loosely both for the spacecraft (-1 and -2) and for the
missions (-1, -2, and now -3).
NASA last week said it has entered
into an agreement with the Air Force's X-37B program for use of the
Kennedy Space Center's Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) Bays 1 and 2 --
former space shuttle hangars -- to process the X-37B for launch. Boeing is performing construction upgrades in those facilities that are targeted to be complete in December.
But
the flights of the X-37B -- however many eventually take place -- could
just be the groundwork for the next generation of space plane.
In July, DARPA took a first step back into the game, announcing the start of design work toward the XS-1,
which also would be a reusable unmanned vehicle for "aircraft-like
access to space." The agency didn't mind mentioning potential payloads:
"XS-1 seeks to deploy small satellites faster and more affordably, and
develop technology for next-generation hypersonic vehicles."
It's
probably not too much of a surprise that Boeing is in the mix, winning a
$4 million preliminary design contract for its concept of the XS-1.
(Teamed with Boeing is Blue Origin, the spacecraft-minded company owned
by Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos.) The other two Phase 1 contracts went to
Northrop Grumman (working with Virgin Galactic) and to Masten Space
Systems (working with XCOR Aerospace).
Jonathan Skillings is managing
editor of CNET News, based in the Boston bureau. He's been with CNET
since 2000, after a decade in tech journalism at the IDG News Service,
PC Week, and an AS/400 magazine. He's also been a soldier and a
schoolteacher, and will always be a die-hard fan of jazz, the brassier
the better.
See full bio
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